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Updated: May 11, 2026

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

DNA ejection from an archaeal virus--a single-molecule approach.

K J Hanhijärvi1, G Ziedaite, M K Pietilä

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. kalle.hanhijarvi@helsinki.fi

Biophysical Journal
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral DNA ejection into archaea is driven by internal energy but requires cellular help. This study reveals archaeal virus DNA release mechanisms, offering new insights into viral infection processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Viral genome translocation into host cells is crucial for infection.
  • The driving forces behind viral DNA ejection are debated, with possibilities including internal energy storage or host cell involvement.
  • In vitro studies have primarily focused on double-stranded DNA bacteriophages, limiting understanding of other viral systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the DNA release mechanism of an archaeal virus, His1, infecting Haloarcula hispanica.
  • To characterize the energetics and kinetics of viral DNA ejection in an archaeal system.
  • To determine the influence of environmental factors on the DNA ejection process.

Main Methods:

  • Single-molecule experiments were employed to measure DNA ejection velocity.
  • The study utilized archaeal viruses isolated from hypersaline environments.
  • The effects of external osmotic pressure (polyethylene glycol) and ion concentrations (Mg(2+), Na(+)) were systematically investigated.

Main Results:

  • The DNA ejection velocity of the archaeal virus His1 was found to be comparable to that of bacterial viruses.
  • Viral DNA ejection was significantly modulated by external osmotic pressure and ion concentrations.
  • The ejection process exhibited unidirectional, randomly paused, and incomplete characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Archaeal viral DNA ejection is not solely driven by internal capsid energy.
  • External factors like osmotic pressure and ion concentration play a role in modulating DNA release.
  • Host cellular processes are likely necessary to facilitate the complete transfer of viral DNA into the archaeal host.