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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

Temporal profile of diabetic nephropathy pathologic changes.

Cecilia Ponchiardi1, Michael Mauer, Behzad Najafian

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Current Diabetes Reports
|May 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of kidney failure. Understanding its progression, especially in type 2 diabetes, requires further research into diverse renal injury pathways.

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An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
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An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

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An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
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Published on: January 12, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Diabetic nephropathy is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease globally.
  • It is characterized by specific glomerular lesions in type 1 diabetes.
  • Renal lesions in type 2 diabetes are more varied, including vascular and tubulointerstitial damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the natural history and pathological hallmarks of diabetic nephropathy.
  • To highlight the heterogeneity of renal lesions in type 2 diabetes.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into diabetic kidney disease pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on diabetic nephropathy.
  • Analysis of pathological changes in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  • Correlation of glomerular lesions with renal function markers.

Main Results:

  • Glomerular basement membrane thickening, increased mesangial matrix, and reduced glomerular filtration surface density are key lesions in type 1 diabetic nephropathy.
  • These lesions correlate strongly with albuminuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate in type 1 diabetes.
  • Type 2 diabetic nephropathy presents with more diverse lesions, including vascular and tubulointerstitial pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetic nephropathy's progression is linked to distinct glomerular lesions in type 1 diabetes.
  • Renal pathology in type 2 diabetes is heterogeneous, necessitating further investigation.
  • Longitudinal studies are crucial for understanding varied renal injury mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy.