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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Blood Pressure01:30

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the diastolic...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Assessing Murine Resistance Artery Function Using Pressure Myography
07:25

Assessing Murine Resistance Artery Function Using Pressure Myography

Published on: June 7, 2013

Hypertension: physiology and pathophysiology.

John E Hall1, Joey P Granger, Jussara M do Carmo

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. jehall@umc.edu

Comprehensive Physiology
|May 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Suboptimal blood pressure control remains a major global health risk, causing millions of deaths annually. The kidneys play a crucial role in long-term blood pressure regulation, and impaired kidney function is linked to hypertension.

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A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Assessing Murine Resistance Artery Function Using Pressure Myography
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Published on: June 7, 2013

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
08:21

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Published on: October 26, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Suboptimal blood pressure control is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, despite advances in treatment.
  • The kidneys are central to long-term blood pressure regulation through the renal-pressure natriuresis mechanism.
  • All forms of chronic hypertension exhibit abnormal renal-pressure natriuresis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of hypertension, focusing on the kidney's role.
  • To explore factors contributing to impaired renal-pressure natriuresis in hypertension.
  • To discuss the impact of genetics and lifestyle on hypertension development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and experimental observations on blood pressure regulation.
  • Analysis of factors affecting glomerular filtration rate and renal tubular reabsorption.
  • Examination of genetic and environmental influences on hypertension.

Main Results:

  • Impaired renal-pressure natriuresis, caused by various intrarenal and extrarenal factors, is a hallmark of chronic hypertension.
  • Excessive weight gain and dietary factors are implicated in primary hypertension.
  • Genetic factors contribute to hypertension, particularly rare monogenic forms.

Conclusions:

  • The kidneys are critical in long-term blood pressure homeostasis.
  • Understanding the complex interplay of factors causing impaired renal function is essential for managing hypertension.
  • Further research into gene-environment interactions may yield new insights into hypertension etiology.