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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would not...
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they...
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would not...
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

Na+/H+ exchangers.

John Orlowski1, Sergio Grinstein

  • 1Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

Comprehensive Physiology
|June 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sodium-hydrogen exchangers (NHEs) are crucial for cellular functions like pH balance and volume regulation. Research reveals a diverse family of mammalian NHEs, each with unique roles and structures.

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Published on: February 19, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Sodium-hydrogen exchangers (NHEs) facilitate critical ion transport across cell membranes.
  • Their full physiological significance and molecular basis were historically unclear.
  • Recent decades have significantly advanced understanding of NHEs' roles and mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of mammalian sodium-hydrogen exchangers (NHEs).
  • To highlight the diverse physiological processes involving NHEs.
  • To discuss the molecular biology and evolutionary conservation of NHEs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mammalian NHEs.
  • Analysis of the physiological roles and regulation of NHEs.
  • Examination of the structural diversity and evolutionary aspects of NHEs.

Main Results:

  • NHEs are involved in pH homeostasis, salt transport, and volume regulation.
  • A diverse family of mammalian NHE isoforms exists, each with specific functions and locations.
  • NHEs exhibit unique structural features influencing their roles and regulation.
  • Evolutionary conservation of NHEs from bacteria to mammals underscores their biological importance.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian NHEs are a diverse family of antiporters with critical, wide-ranging physiological functions.
  • Understanding NHE isoforms is essential due to their complex roles in cellular and systemic processes.
  • The study emphasizes the broad biological relevance and extensive research interest in Na(+)/H(+) exchange.