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Related Concept Videos

Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their original...
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.
Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry01:21

Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry

When a structural member undergoes plastic deformation due to bending, it is crucial to understand the position of the neutral axis and the stress distribution. This member, characterized by a single plane of symmetry, exhibits a uniform stress distribution, with negative stress above the neutral axis and positive stress below. Notably, the neutral axis does not align with the centroid of the cross-section. This misalignment is typical in cases where the cross-section is not rectangular or...
Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...

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Controlled Strain of 3D Hydrogels under Live Microscopy Imaging
07:41

Controlled Strain of 3D Hydrogels under Live Microscopy Imaging

Published on: December 4, 2020

Mechanical and structural plasticity.

Chun Y Seow1, Julian Solway

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. cseow@mrl.ubc.ca

Comprehensive Physiology
|June 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) plasticity allows lung adaptation. Understanding ASM

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Physiology
  • Smooth Muscle Biology
  • Asthma Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction causes airway narrowing and asthma exacerbations.
  • ASM is a key target for asthma pharmacotherapy.
  • The precise contractile mechanisms of ASM remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying ASM's mechanical and structural plasticity.
  • To explore how ASM adapts its contractile apparatus to function across a wide length range.
  • To identify novel therapeutic targets for asthma by understanding ASM behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in smooth muscle research.
  • Description of proposed mechanisms for ASM adaptation.
  • Analysis of actin-myosin-actin connectivity and filament length influence.

Main Results:

  • ASM exhibits significant mechanical and structural plasticity.
  • A mechanism for adapting contractile units in series across cell length is proposed.
  • Thin and thick filament lengths influence actin-myosin-actin connectivity and muscle response.

Conclusions:

  • ASM plasticity is crucial for lung function in a dynamic environment.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers new therapeutic targets for asthma.
  • Novel drugs could relax ASM or prevent excessive airway narrowing.