[Teaching science: realism, anti-realism and the construction of the concept of oxygen]

Research on science education has indicated the importance of discussing the nature of science. One way to encourage a more realistic view of the nature of science would be for teachers to adopt a philosophical attitude with respect to unobservable concepts. Concepts already abandoned by scientific theory - such as phlogiston - are normally described as having been discarded because they did not represent empirical knowledge. However, at the time the concept of phlogiston was used, it was part of a theoretical framework that explained and justified it. This article defends the idea that the adoption of philosophical approaches to scientific concepts needs to be supplemented by knowledge of the history of the concept.