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Related Concept Videos

Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
In...
Introduction to Types of Flows01:23

Introduction to Types of Flows

Fluid flows are categorized by dimensionality and behavior, with one-dimensional flow being the simplest form, where properties like velocity and pressure change only along a single axis. Water moving through straight pipes exemplifies this flow type, as variations in other directions are minimal. One-dimensional analysis helps simplify understanding such flows, focusing solely on changes along the pipe's length.
Two-dimensional flow involves changes in both length and height, as seen in air...
General External Flow Characteristics01:26

General External Flow Characteristics

The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...
Flow Sheet01:17

Flow Sheet

Flowsheets are valuable tools in nursing documentation. They enable healthcare professionals to efficiently record and monitor various patient assessments and measurements in a consolidated format.
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Graphic Sheet Documentation:
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Flow-through Exposure System for Evaluating Suspended Sediments Effects on Aquatic Life
12:15

A Flow-through Exposure System for Evaluating Suspended Sediments Effects on Aquatic Life

Published on: January 9, 2017

Does flow experience lead to risk? How and for whom.

Julia Schüler1, Jeanne Nakamura

  • 1University of Bern, Switzerland.

Applied Psychology. Health and Well-Being
|June 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Flow states in sports can impair risk awareness and lead to risky behavior, especially in inexperienced individuals. This effect is mediated by self-efficacy and moderated by experience level.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sports Science
  • Risk Management

Background:

  • Flow, a state of deep absorption, is typically associated with positive outcomes.
  • However, this research explores the potential negative consequences of flow, specifically impaired risk awareness and risky behavior.
  • The study hypothesizes that flow enhances self-efficacy, leading to reduced risk perception and increased risk-taking in sports.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between flow states, self-efficacy, risk awareness, and risky behavior in sports.
  • To examine whether the level of experience moderates these relationships.
  • To provide theoretical insights into flow and risk research and practical implications for risk prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Three studies were conducted involving kayakers (Study 1) and rock climbers (Studies 2 and 3).
Keywords:
experience in sportflowriskself-efficacy

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  • Data were collected through surveys administered during and after activities.
  • Participants' flow state, self-efficacy, risk awareness, risky behavior, and experience levels were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Flow was consistently related to risk awareness across all studies.
    • Flow was also associated with risky behavior in Study 2.
    • Self-efficacy mediated these relationships, and this mediation was moderated by the level of experience in Study 3.

    Conclusions:

    • Inexperienced participants, unlike experienced ones, exhibit impaired risk awareness and engage in riskier behavior due to flow-induced self-efficacy.
    • Findings have implications for understanding the dual nature of flow states and for developing targeted risk prevention strategies in sports.
    • The study highlights the crucial role of experience in mitigating the negative effects of flow on risk perception.