Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Modern Methods for Preventing the Progression of Myopia in Children.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Dry Eye Disease: From Mechanisms to Management and Future Directions.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Comparative Evaluation of HMG Family Proteins and miR-106a-5p in Low-Grade Non-Invasive and High-Grade Muscle-Invasive Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Hearing, Voice and Speech Disorders in 10-Year-Old-Boy with Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy (FSHD) - Case Study.

The application of clinical genetics·2026

Same author

The Impact of a High-Fat Diet on Eye Health.

Nutrients·2025

Same author

Genetic Therapies for Retinitis Pigmentosa: Current Breakthroughs and Future Directions.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

$Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter$

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

[Refractive errors in patients with cerebral palsy].

Małgorzata Mrugacz¹, Krzysztof Bandzul, Wojciech Kułak

¹Uniwersytet Medyczny w Bialymstoku, Klinika Okulistyki Dzieciqcej.

Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego

|June 11, 2013

Summary

Refractive errors are common in cerebral palsy (CP), particularly in tetraparesis and diplegia spastica. Myopia and astigmatism are more prevalent in diplegia spastica, while hyperopia is more common in tetraparesis.

More Related Videos

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

$Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter$

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neurology
Pediatrics

Context:

Cerebral palsy (CP) frequently presents with ocular abnormalities, affecting approximately 50% of individuals.
Refractive errors and strabismus are the most prevalent visual impairments in CP patients.

Purpose:

To investigate the relationship between specific neurological pathologies and refractive errors in patients with distinct types of cerebral palsy.
To analyze the occurrence of refractive errors in individuals with spastic diplegia and tetraparesis, considering underlying nervous system conditions.

Summary:

The study identified correlations between refractive errors and the type and severity of CP, as classified by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).
Refractive errors were found to be more frequent in tetraparesis compared to spastic diplegia.
Specific refractive error patterns were observed: myopia and astigmatism were more common in spastic diplegia, whereas hyperopia predominated in tetraparesis.

Impact:

Findings contribute to a better understanding of visual health in children with cerebral palsy.
Highlights the need for targeted ophthalmic screening and management strategies tailored to different CP subtypes.
Informs clinical practice regarding the prediction and management of refractive errors in individuals with CP.