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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Heralded photonic interaction between distant single ions.

M Schug1, J Huwer, C Kurz

  • 1Universität des Saarlandes, Experimentalphysik, Campus E2 6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. mschug@physik.uni-saarland.de

Physical Review Letters
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate heralded quantum interactions between two distant calcium-40 ions using single photons. This enables controlled quantum communication and entanglement for quantum networks.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

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Published on: July 27, 2018

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
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Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Atomic Physics
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Entanglement and quantum interactions are crucial for quantum computing and communication.
  • Controlling interactions between remote quantum systems is a key challenge.
  • Single ions are promising qubits due to their long coherence times and strong interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a heralded quantum interaction between two remotely trapped single calcium-40 ions.
  • To demonstrate the controlled exchange of single photons as a mediator for quantum interactions.
  • To verify the quantum interaction through detection of photon absorption and emission events.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing single (40)Ca(+) ions trapped remotely.
  • Releasing single photons with controlled temporal shapes from a sender ion on the P(3/2) to D(5/2) transition.
  • Transmitting photons to a distant receiver ion.
  • Detecting individual photon absorption events in the receiver ion via quantum jumps.
  • Observing coincidences between photon emission and quantum jump events for triggered transmission.

Main Results:

  • Successfully established a heralded interaction between two remotely trapped single (40)Ca(+) ions.
  • Demonstrated controlled temporal shaping and transmission of single photons.
  • Observed reduced lifetime of the D(5/2) state in the receiver ion due to photon absorption.
  • Confirmed heralded interaction by observing coincidences between sender emission and receiver quantum jumps.

Conclusions:

  • Heralded quantum interactions between remote single ions are achievable via single-photon exchange.
  • This method provides a robust platform for quantum information processing and quantum networking.
  • The controlled photon emission and detection pave the way for scalable quantum systems.