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Updated: May 10, 2026

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function
Published on: March 15, 2022
Occupational hazards of interventional cardiology
Nathaniel R Smilowitz1, Stephen Balter, Giora Weisz
1Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New-York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Abstract:
Complex catheter-based interventions and rising case volumes confer occupational risks to interventional cardiologists. Despite advances in technology, modern interventional procedures are performed in a manner remarkably similar to the techniques pioneered decades ago. Percutaneous interventions are associated with operator orthopedic injuries, exposures to blood borne pathogens, and the effects of chronic radiation exposure from fluoroscopy. This review highlights the occupational hazards of interventional procedures and provides a glimpse at the technologies and techniques that may reduce risks to operators in the catheterization laboratory.
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