How to approach hypercalcaemia

Area of Science:

• Clinical Medicine
• Endocrinology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Hypercalcaemia, characterized by elevated serum calcium, can stem from various underlying conditions.
• Effective management is crucial to prevent severe complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline a systematic approach to managing hypercalcaemia.
• To emphasize initial stabilization strategies before targeted therapy.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical guidelines and evidence for hypercalcaemia management.
• Focus on patient assessment including symptoms, calcium levels, and etiology.

Main Results:

• Patient management should be guided by clinical presentation, calcium concentration, and the root cause.
• Achieving euvolaemia is a critical initial step for all hypercalcaemic patients.
• Severe cases (>3.5 mmol/L calcium) or highly symptomatic individuals necessitate immediate inpatient care.

Conclusions:

• A structured approach integrating assessment and initial fluid management is key.
• Prompt recognition and treatment of emergency hypercalcaemia prevent adverse outcomes.