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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

The Ladder Rung Walking Task: A Scoring System and its Practical Application.
09:38

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Published on: June 12, 2009

Multiple clock drawing scoring systems: simpler is better.

Brian J Mainland1, Sean Amodeo, Kenneth I Shulman

  • 1Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
|June 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simpler scoring for the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is better for clinical screening. Complex scoring systems do not improve accuracy and increase administration time, making basic assessments sufficient.

Keywords:
clock drawing testcognitive screeningdementia

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a popular cognitive screening tool for its ease of use.
  • Current challenges include a lack of consensus on optimal administration and scoring systems.
  • This review addresses the need for evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effectiveness of various Clock Drawing Test scoring systems.
  • To recommend the most suitable CDT scoring system for frontline clinical use.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search of Pubmed from 2000-2013 was conducted.
  • Included manual cross-referencing of bibliographies for studies post-2000.
  • Summarized original scoring systems and reviewed comparative studies.

Main Results:

  • Increased complexity in CDT scoring systems does not significantly improve the identification of cognitive impairment.
  • More complex scoring methods increase administration time, reducing clinical utility.
  • No single scoring system demonstrated consistently superior predictive validity.

Conclusions:

  • Simpler is better for scoring the Clock Drawing Test in primary care settings.
  • Qualitative assessment (normal vs. abnormal) may suffice for screening and baseline establishment.
  • Further research may refine simple screening approaches for cognitive impairment.