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Toxic inhalational injury-associated interstitial lung disease in children

Eun Lee1, Ju-Hee Seo, Hyung Young Kim

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Korean Medical Science
|June 18, 2013
PubMed

Insights

An outbreak of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) in Korea was linked to toxic inhalational injury. This severe condition, often presenting with cough and dyspnea, showed a high mortality rate in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) encompasses various lung disorders.
  • Recent years have seen an unusual increase in chILD cases in Korea, potentially linked to environmental toxins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a series of pediatric cases of chILD with a bronchiolitis obliterans pattern in Korea.
  • To identify clinical, histopathological, and radiological features of toxic inhalational injury-associated chILD.
  • To explore potential causes and prognostic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 16 pediatric patients diagnosed with chILD between February 2006 and May 2011.
  • Confirmation through lung biopsy and chest computed tomography (CT).
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, histopathology, CT findings, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Common symptoms included cough and dyspnea; median age at presentation was 26 months.
  • High mortality rate of 44% was observed.
  • Histopathology revealed bronchiolar destruction and inflammatory processes; CT showed characteristic opacities.
  • Air leak and severe respiratory distress correlated with poor prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Toxic inhalational injury is a significant cause of chILD with a bronchiolitis obliterans pattern in Korean children.
  • Humidifier disinfectants are suspected etiological agents, but further research is crucial.
  • Early diagnosis and understanding pathophysiology are vital for improving outcomes in pediatric respiratory diseases.

Keywords:
BronchiolesInhalationLung Disease, InterstitialPulmonary FibrosisToxin, Biological

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