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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
05:12

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Thyroid lobectomy for indeterminate FNA: not without consequences.

Courtney J Balentine1, Robert P Domingo, Rishi Patel

  • 1Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77006, USA. cb131098@bcm.tmc.edu

The Journal of Surgical Research
|June 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypothyroidism risk after thyroid lobectomy for indeterminate nodules is higher than expected, affecting nearly half of patients in this diverse population. Preoperative counseling is crucial due to this increased risk.

Keywords:
HypothyroidismIndeterminate pathologyThyroid nodule

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
05:12

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach
05:10

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach

Published on: September 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Thyroid nodules are common, with fine needle aspiration (FNA) guiding diagnosis.
  • Indeterminate FNA results often lead to thyroid lobectomy, despite low malignancy risk.
  • Previous estimates suggest a 20% risk of hypothyroidism post-lobectomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the actual risk of hypothyroidism after thyroid lobectomy in a diverse patient population.
  • To compare this risk against previously reported general data.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of pathology records from a large county hospital.
  • Identification of patients with indeterminate FNA findings who underwent lobectomy.
  • Assessment of hypothyroidism incidence based on thyroid hormone replacement therapy needs.

Main Results:

  • Out of 655 FNAs, 60 had indeterminate results, leading to 17 diagnostic lobectomies.
  • The study population was predominantly female (88%), Hispanic (67%), and African American (22%).
  • Postoperatively, 47% of patients (8 out of 17) developed hypothyroidism, with only 6% having a final cancer diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of hypothyroidism post-thyroid lobectomy in this population significantly exceeds prior reports.
  • Preoperative patient counseling must include this elevated hypothyroidism risk, alongside standard surgical risks.
  • The cost-effectiveness of preoperative testing should be evaluated against the high likelihood of lifelong thyroid hormone replacement.