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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Surgical Technique of the 3-Dimensional-printed Personalized Hip Implant for the Treatment of Canine Hip Dysplasia
08:40

Surgical Technique of the 3-Dimensional-printed Personalized Hip Implant for the Treatment of Canine Hip Dysplasia

Published on: April 19, 2024

Pediatric hip: pearls and pitfalls.

Kara G Gill1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792-3252, USA. kgill@uwhealth.org

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology
|June 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric hip conditions differ by age, requiring specific diagnostic approaches. Understanding the growing skeleton and key imaging findings is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment of hip pathology in children.

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In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

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In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
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In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

Published on: July 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Musculoskeletal Imaging

Background:

  • Pediatric hip pathology presentation varies significantly with patient age.
  • Common conditions include developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns, and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease or slipped capital femoral epiphysis in older children.
  • Symptoms like pain, limp, or leg length discrepancy prompt evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the age-dependent nature of pediatric hip pathology.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing differences between the pediatric and adult growing skeleton.
  • To review classic imaging findings for common pediatric hip conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common pediatric hip pathologies across different age groups.
  • Discussion of age-specific clinical presentations.
  • Emphasis on characteristic imaging findings for each condition.

Main Results:

  • Newborns are typically screened for developmental dysplasia of the hip.
  • Toddlers and older children may present with pain, limp, or leg length discrepancy due to conditions like transient synovitis, septic arthritis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, or avulsion fractures.
  • Distinct imaging features are associated with each diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of pediatric hip pathology necessitates understanding age-related variations.
  • Knowledge of the growing skeleton's unique characteristics is essential.
  • Familiarity with classic imaging findings aids in timely and correct diagnosis.