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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would not...
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they...
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...

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Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+
12:30

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+

Published on: May 19, 2017

Calcium pumps: why so many?

Marisa Brini1, Tito Calì, Denis Ottolini

  • 1Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro Padova, Italy. marisa.brini@unipd.it

Comprehensive Physiology
|June 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calcium ATPases (pumps) regulate cellular calcium levels. Defects in these pumps, like SERCA and PMCA, can cause specific health issues, highlighting their specialized roles.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+
12:30

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+

Published on: May 19, 2017

Cytosolic Calcium Measurements in Renal Epithelial Cells by Flow Cytometry
10:24

Cytosolic Calcium Measurements in Renal Epithelial Cells by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 28, 2014

Direct Imaging of ER Calcium with Targeted-Esterase Induced Dye Loading (TED)
09:32

Direct Imaging of ER Calcium with Targeted-Esterase Induced Dye Loading (TED)

Published on: May 7, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Calcium ATPases (pumps) are crucial for regulating intracellular calcium (Ca2+) in eukaryotic cells.
  • Nine known pumps belong to three families: SERCA, PMCA, and SPCA, with isoforms generated by alternative splicing.
  • While sharing catalytic mechanisms, these pumps differ in tissue distribution, regulation, and roles in Ca2+ homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Ca2+-ATPase pumps.
  • To highlight the impact of structural biology on understanding pump function.
  • To discuss the emerging field of Ca2+-ATPase pump malfunction and its implications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Ca2+-ATPases.
  • Analysis of structural data, particularly for SERCA pumps.
  • Compilation of reported genetic defects and their associated cellular disturbances.

Main Results:

  • The three-dimensional structure of the SERCA pump has significantly advanced molecular understanding.
  • Ca2+-ATPase pump malfunctions are increasingly recognized as causes of disease.
  • Genetic defects often lead to subtle, tissue- and isoform-specific disturbances.

Conclusions:

  • Each Ca2+-ATPase type and isoform plays a specialized role in cellular Ca2+ management.
  • Understanding pump structure and function is key to deciphering the basis of associated genetic disorders.
  • Further research into pump malfunction is critical for understanding cellular Ca2+ control and disease pathogenesis.