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Related Concept Videos

Transport Number01:31

Transport Number

The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
07:47

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters

Published on: April 20, 2015

Chloride transport.

John C Edwards1

  • 1UNC Kidney Center and the Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. edwardjc@slu.edu

Comprehensive Physiology
|June 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kidneys regulate blood pressure and volume by reabsorbing chloride, a process vital for maintaining bodily fluid balance. Understanding chloride transport mechanisms is key to comprehending kidney function and disease.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
07:47

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters

Published on: April 20, 2015

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting
10:08

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting

Published on: December 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Renal Physiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chloride reabsorption is crucial for kidney function, regulating extracellular volume and blood pressure.
  • The kidney reabsorbs most filtered chloride through sequential transport activities along the nephron.
  • Chloride transport is closely linked with the transport of sodium, potassium, protons, calcium, and water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the integrated mechanisms of chloride transport along the nephron.
  • To explore the interactions between chloride and other transported substances.
  • To understand how these interactions influence kidney function and disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of established physiological and molecular mechanisms of nephronal chloride transport.
  • Review of literature detailing the interplay between chloride and other solutes/water.
  • Examination of how disruptions in these transport systems manifest in disease states.

Main Results:

  • Chloride transport occurs via integrated, sequential activities throughout the nephron.
  • Specific transport mechanisms create unique interaction patterns with sodium, potassium, protons, calcium, and water.
  • These intricate interactions are essential for precise physiological regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Chloride transport is fundamental to maintaining extracellular fluid homeostasis and blood pressure.
  • The interdependence of chloride transport with other solutes and water allows for fine-tuned regulation.
  • Dysregulation of these interconnected transport systems contributes to various kidney diseases.