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Related Concept Videos

What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Bacterial Phylum Verrucomicrobiota01:26

Bacterial Phylum Verrucomicrobiota

The phylum Verrucomicrobiota comprises at least four characterized orders, with most species classified within the order Verrucomicrobiotales. Members of this phylum are either aerobic or facultatively aerobic, with the ability to ferment sugars. A notable exception is the genus Methylacidiphilum, which consists of aerobic methanotrophs. Additionally, some Verrucomicrobiota establish symbiotic relationships with protists. These bacteria are widely distributed across various environments,...
Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...

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Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

[Virosphere and giruses].

V V Makarov

    Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii I Immunobiologii
    |June 29, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This research summarizes novel virology findings on giruses (large nuclear-cytoplasmic deoxyriboviruses) and the virosphere. It interprets taxonomic features and pathogenicity, including African swine plague.

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    Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
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    Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion

    Published on: January 24, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Microbiology
    • Genomics

    Context:

    • The virosphere, encompassing all viruses and their interactions, is a dynamic and complex field.
    • Giruses, a recently identified group of large nuclear-cytoplasmic deoxyriboviruses, represent a significant area of novel research.
    • Understanding virus pathogenicity is crucial for public health and veterinary medicine.

    Purpose:

    • To summarize novel findings and concepts in virology, focusing on the virosphere and giruses.
    • To provide a novel understanding of the major taxonomic features of giruses.
    • To interpret virus pathogenicity, with a specific focus on African swine plague.

    Summary:

    • This study presents new insights into the virosphere and introduces giruses, a distinct class of large DNA viruses.
    • Key taxonomic characteristics differentiating giruses are outlined.
    • The pathogenicity of these viruses is discussed, referencing African swine plague as a case study.

    Impact:

    • Advances the understanding of viral diversity and evolution within the virosphere.
    • Provides a foundation for further research into giruses and their biological significance.
    • Contributes to the knowledge base for managing viral diseases like African swine plague.