Structure and operation of bacterial tripartite pumps
Philip Hinchliffe1, Martyn F Symmons, Colin Hughes
1Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom; email: ph298@cam.ac.uk , mfs@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk , ch@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk , vk103@cam.ac.uk.
Annual Review of Microbiology
|July 2, 2013
Summary
Bacterial tripartite pumps export toxins and antibiotics, aiding survival against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Atomic structures reveal pump assembly and operation, offering insights into potential inhibition strategies.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Structural Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Bacteria utilize tripartite membrane pumps for efflux of toxins, antibiotics, and other molecules.
- These pumps are crucial for bacterial survival, especially in infections involving multidrug-resistant pathogens.
- Tripartite pumps span the bacterial cell envelope, comprising an inner membrane transporter, a periplasmic adaptor, and an outer membrane TolC duct.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review atomic structures of tripartite pump components.
- To elucidate high-resolution views of tripartite pump assembly and operation.
- To discuss potential strategies for inhibiting tripartite pump function.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing atomic structure data for tripartite pump components.
- Analysis of structural information to understand pump assembly and mechanism.
- Discussion of implications for drug development and inhibition.
Main Results:
- Detailed atomic structures of the inner membrane transporter, periplasmic adaptor, and TolC duct are available.
- Structural insights provide a high-resolution understanding of how these components assemble and function together.
- The review highlights conserved mechanisms across different bacterial species.
Conclusions:
- Atomic structures of tripartite pump components are key to understanding their function.
- High-resolution structural data facilitates the study of pump assembly, operation, and inhibition.
- This knowledge can inform the development of novel strategies to combat multidrug resistance.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Real Number Operations
339
The concept of real numbers includes all the values that can be represented on a continuous number line. The system began with basic counting values used for enumeration. It later expanded to include values that represent the absence of quantity and opposites of the counting values. When situations required expressing parts of a whole or dividing quantities evenly, values capable of representing such proportions were developed. When written using decimal notation, these values can end or repeat...
339
01:30ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps
4.9K
V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
4.9K
01:34ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps
6.4K
The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
6.4K
01:13Pumped Concrete
395
Concrete in large quantities can be pumped across long distances for placing in inaccessible sites. This system comprises a hopper that receives concrete from a mixer, a pump to propel the concrete, and pipelines that facilitate its delivery.
For direct-acting pumps, the concrete enters the pump via the inlet valve under the action of gravity and suction created by the movement of the piston. This concrete is then forced into the pipeline and out through the outlet valve by the forward movement...
For direct-acting pumps, the concrete enters the pump via the inlet valve under the action of gravity and suction created by the movement of the piston. This concrete is then forced into the pipeline and out through the outlet valve by the forward movement...
395
01:07Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
3.0K
Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
A household refrigerator removes heat from...
A household refrigerator removes heat from...
3.0K
01:17Operational Amplifiers
2.0K
The operational amplifier, often referred to as an op-amp, is a multifaceted building block of a circuit. This electronic component functions like a voltage-controlled voltage source and can also be used to create a voltage- or current-controlled current source. The design of an operational amplifier enables it to execute mathematical operations when external components like resistors and capacitors are linked to its terminals. An op-amp has the capacity to sum signals, amplify a signal,...
2.0K