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Related Concept Videos

Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...
Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Solution Equilibrium and Saturation01:59

Solution Equilibrium and Saturation

Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective solubility...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
08:10

Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 14, 2017

Growing bubbles in a slightly supersaturated liquid solution.

Oscar R Enríquez1, Christian Hummelink, Gert-Wim Bruggert

  • 1Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|July 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new experimental setup to observe gas bubble growth in liquids. This system precisely controls bubble formation and position, enabling studies on bubble interactions during diffusion-controlled mass transfer.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
08:10

Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 14, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Mass transfer phenomena
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding gas bubble dynamics is crucial in various industrial and natural processes.
  • Controlled experimental conditions are needed to isolate key mechanisms governing bubble growth.
  • Previous studies often lack precise control over bubble nucleation and spatial arrangement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and build an experimental system for studying gas bubble growth in supersaturated liquids.
  • To investigate bubble interactions under diffusion-limited mass transfer conditions.
  • To provide a platform for controlled experiments on bubble coalescence and interaction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a system with carbon dioxide dissolved in water, pressurized up to 1 MPa.
  • Inducing bubble growth from hydrophobic cavities etched on silicon wafers.
  • Applying a small pressure drop from saturation conditions to initiate bubble formation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully designed and constructed a controllable experimental system for gas bubble growth.
  • Demonstrated the ability to control the number and position of growing bubbles.
  • Established conditions for studying diffusion-limited mass transfer and bubble proximity effects.

Conclusions:

  • The developed experimental system offers precise control over bubble nucleation and growth.
  • This setup is suitable for investigating the complex interactions between closely spaced bubbles.
  • The findings contribute to a better understanding of mass transfer limitations in multiphase systems.