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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
10:28

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

Intermittent molecular hopping at the solid-liquid interface.

Michael J Skaug1, Joshua Mabry, Daniel K Schwartz

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular surface diffusion at solid-liquid interfaces is not a simple random walk. Molecules exhibit intermittent hopping, with random waiting times revealing a spectrum of binding energies, challenging existing models.

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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
10:28

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

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Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: July 14, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Molecular mobility on surfaces is crucial for friction, self-assembly, and technologies like catalysis.
  • Understanding surface transport at solid-liquid interfaces is vital but poorly understood compared to solid-gas interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a universally applicable model for molecular surface transport at solid-liquid interfaces.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms governing molecular diffusion in solid-liquid environments.

Main Methods:

  • Employed single-molecule tracking techniques at a solid-liquid interface.
  • Analyzed molecular displacement statistics and waiting time distributions.

Main Results:

  • Observed that diverse molecules exhibit intermittent random walks with non-Gaussian displacements.
  • Identified temporary molecular immobilization with random waiting times between displacements.
  • Found a common power-law distribution of waiting times, suggesting a spectrum of binding energies.

Conclusions:

  • The commonly assumed normal random walk model is inadequate for molecular diffusion at solid-liquid interfaces.
  • Intermittent hopping, characterized by random waiting times, is proposed as a universal mechanism for molecular surface diffusion at solid-liquid interfaces.