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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Published on: June 26, 2020

Fulminant viral hepatitis.

Saumya Jayakumar1, Raiyan Chowdhury, Carrie Ye

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada.

Critical Care Clinics
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fulminant viral hepatitis (FVH) is a leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) globally. This review outlines FVH diagnosis and intensive care management strategies for patients with ALF.

Keywords:
Acute liver failureCerebral edemaFulminant viral hepatitisHepatitis AHepatitis BLiver transplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute liver failure (ALF) affects approximately 2000 individuals annually in the U.S.
  • Fulminant viral hepatitis (FVH) is a primary cause of ALF, particularly in developing nations.
  • High morbidity and mortality rates necessitate a structured approach to FVH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the viral etiologies of ALF.
  • To outline the intensive care unit (ICU) management protocols for patients with FVH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of viral causes of ALF.
  • Analysis of current intensive care unit management strategies for FVH.

Main Results:

  • Viral hepatitis is a predominant cause of ALF worldwide.
  • Effective diagnosis and management are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic diagnostic and therapeutic approach is essential for managing FVH.
  • Optimized ICU care can mitigate the high mortality associated with ALF due to FVH.