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Aortic injuries in newer vehicles.
Gabriel E Ryb1, Patricia C Dischinger, Michael Kleinberger
1The Charles C. Mathias, Jr. National Study Center for Trauma and EMS, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; Program in Trauma, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Accident; Analysis and Prevention
|July 9, 2013
Summary
Newer vehicles may lower aortic injury (AI) risk in side impacts but increase it in frontal crashes. This study analyzed AI occurrence in relation to vehicle model year and crash type.
Area of Science:
- Traffic Safety
- Injury Biomechanics
- Automotive Engineering
Background:
- Aortic injuries (AI) are a significant cause of fatality in motor vehicle collisions.
- Vehicle crashworthiness improvements aim to reduce occupant injury risk.
- The relationship between vehicle model year (MY) and AI risk requires detailed investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if newer vehicles (MY ≥ 1994) are associated with a lower risk of aortic injuries (AI).
- To analyze the association between AI and vehicle model year, stratified by crash type (frontal vs. near-side impact).
Main Methods:
- Analysis of front seat occupants (age ≥ 16) from the National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System (1997-2010).
- Categorization of vehicle model years into 1994-1997, 1998-2004, and 2005-2010.
- Logistic regression used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) for AI risk by MY, controlling for confounders.
Main Results:
- Aortic injuries occurred in 0.06% of over 31 million weighted cases and contributed to 11% of all traffic-related deaths.
- In frontal crashes, newer model years (1998-2004 and 2005-2010) showed increased adjusted odds of AI compared to 1994-1997.
- In near-side impact crashes, newer model years (1998-2004 and 2005-2010) showed decreased adjusted odds of AI.
Conclusions:
- While newer vehicles offer reduced AI risk in near-side impacts, they are associated with a higher risk in frontal collisions.
- Vehicle design and safety improvements have differential effects on injury risk depending on crash directionality.
- Further research into frontal crashworthiness for AI prevention is warranted.
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