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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
Thoracic Aorta01:15

Thoracic Aorta

The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...

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Novel and Innovative Hybrid Technique for Type A Aortic Dissection
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Aortic injuries in newer vehicles.

Gabriel E Ryb1, Patricia C Dischinger, Michael Kleinberger

  • 1The Charles C. Mathias, Jr. National Study Center for Trauma and EMS, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; Program in Trauma, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.

Accident; Analysis and Prevention
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Newer vehicles may lower aortic injury (AI) risk in side impacts but increase it in frontal crashes. This study analyzed AI occurrence in relation to vehicle model year and crash type.

Keywords:
AortaCrashworthinessFrontal crashInjuryModel yearMotor vehicle crashSide crash

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Area of Science:

  • Traffic Safety
  • Injury Biomechanics
  • Automotive Engineering

Background:

  • Aortic injuries (AI) are a significant cause of fatality in motor vehicle collisions.
  • Vehicle crashworthiness improvements aim to reduce occupant injury risk.
  • The relationship between vehicle model year (MY) and AI risk requires detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if newer vehicles (MY ≥ 1994) are associated with a lower risk of aortic injuries (AI).
  • To analyze the association between AI and vehicle model year, stratified by crash type (frontal vs. near-side impact).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of front seat occupants (age ≥ 16) from the National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System (1997-2010).
  • Categorization of vehicle model years into 1994-1997, 1998-2004, and 2005-2010.
  • Logistic regression used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) for AI risk by MY, controlling for confounders.

Main Results:

  • Aortic injuries occurred in 0.06% of over 31 million weighted cases and contributed to 11% of all traffic-related deaths.
  • In frontal crashes, newer model years (1998-2004 and 2005-2010) showed increased adjusted odds of AI compared to 1994-1997.
  • In near-side impact crashes, newer model years (1998-2004 and 2005-2010) showed decreased adjusted odds of AI.

Conclusions:

  • While newer vehicles offer reduced AI risk in near-side impacts, they are associated with a higher risk in frontal collisions.
  • Vehicle design and safety improvements have differential effects on injury risk depending on crash directionality.
  • Further research into frontal crashworthiness for AI prevention is warranted.