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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Local fluctuation theorem for large systems.

Guillaume Michel1, Debra J Searles

  • 1Département de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75 005 Paris, France. guillaume.michel@ens.fr

Physical Review Letters
|July 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study derives a fluctuation theorem for small subsystems within larger systems, revealing a necessary correction term due to environmental correlations. This advances understanding of nonequilibrium thermodynamics in complex systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics

Background:

  • The fluctuation theorem describes dissipation in non-equilibrium systems, stating average dissipation is positive.
  • In large systems without external fluctuations, subsystem property fluctuations are unobservable, hindering fluctuation theorem exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a fluctuation theorem for a small open subsystem within a large, non-fluctuating system.
  • To identify and characterize the necessary correction term to the standard fluctuation theorem for such subsystems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical derivation of a modified fluctuation theorem for a subsystem.
  • Analysis of subsystem-surroundings correlations.
  • Numerical simulations to validate the derived analytic expression.

Main Results:

  • A fluctuation theorem can be obtained for a small open subsystem within a larger system.
  • A correction term is required for the large system fluctuation theorem due to subsystem-surroundings correlations.
  • The analytic expression for this correction term was derived under general assumptions.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully extends fluctuation theorems to small subsystems in larger environments.
  • The derived correction term is crucial for accurately describing dissipation in these scenarios.
  • Numerical simulations confirm the validity and relevance of the theoretical findings.