Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram01:25

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram

Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics01:14

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

Experimentally, if object A is in equilibrium with object B, and object B is in equilibrium with object C, then object A is in equilibrium with object C. That statement of transitivity is called the "zeroth law of thermodynamics." For example, a cold metal block and a hot metal block are both placed on a metal plate at room temperature. Eventually, the cold block and the plate will be in thermal equilibrium. In addition, the hot block and the plate will be in thermal equilibrium. By the zeroth...
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics01:14

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

Systems in mechanical equilibrium exert equal pressure on the separating wall. Similarly, systems in thermal equilibrium share a common thermodynamic property: temperature.Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles within a system. More generally, it reflects the internal energy state of the system. The higher the temperature, the more energy a system has, given that other variables, such as volume and pressure, remain constant. However, temperature is not a form of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optical steering of a large ring laser.

Optics letters·2026
Same author

Polarization-independent frequency conversion from the infrared into the ultraviolet.

Applied optics·2026
Same author

Optical frequency shifter based on continuous-wave pump fields.

Applied optics·2026
Same author

Hänsch-Couillaud locking of a large Sagnac interferometer: advancing below the flicker floor.

Optics letters·2026
Same author

Measurement of the g Factor of Ground-State ^{87}Sr at the Parts-per-Million Level Using Co-Trapped Ultracold Atoms.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Gyroscope measurements of the precession and nutation of Earth's axis.

Science advances·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Laser cooling to quantum degeneracy.

Simon Stellmer1, Benjamin Pasquiou, Rudolf Grimm

  • 1Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Physical Review Letters
|July 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers achieved Bose-Einstein condensation in strontium atoms using only laser cooling. This breakthrough enables rapid, repeatable formation of ultracold atomic gases for advanced quantum applications.

More Related Videos

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Quantum Gases
  • Laser Cooling Techniques

Background:

  • Achieving Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) typically requires complex cooling methods.
  • Laser cooling is a primary technique for reaching ultracold temperatures necessary for quantum phenomena.
  • Strontium atoms offer unique properties for exploring quantum states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate Bose-Einstein condensation in strontium atoms using solely laser cooling.
  • To investigate the formation of ultracold atomic gases on a narrow-linewidth transition.
  • To explore the potential for generating a continuous atom laser.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized continuous Doppler cooling on a narrow-linewidth transition to reach sub-microkelvin temperatures.
  • Employed a dipole trap potential to enhance atomic density in a central region.
  • Relied on elastic collisions to establish thermal equilibrium between the core condensate and surrounding cloud.

Main Results:

  • Successfully formed Bose-Einstein condensates in a gas of strontium atoms.
  • Achieved critical phase-space density for condensation within the laser-cooled sample.
  • Repeatedly formed condensates of up to 10^5 atoms within 100 ms.

Conclusions:

  • Laser cooling alone is sufficient for achieving Bose-Einstein condensation in strontium.
  • The method allows for rapid and repeatable formation of ultracold atomic gases.
  • This work paves the way for developing continuous atom lasers.