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Anisakis, just think about it in an emergency!
Cristina Bucci1, Serena Gallotta, Ivonne Morra
1Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Campus di Baronissi, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Salerno, Italy.
Summary
Anisakis simplex infections, a zoonotic nematode, are increasingly reported globally due to raw fish consumption. Early diagnosis and endoscopic removal are crucial for treating acute anisakiasis within 12 hours.
Area of Science:
- Parasitology
- Zoonotic Diseases
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Anisakis simplex is a nematode causing zoonotic infections, primarily through raw or undercooked fish consumption.
- Anisakiasis prevalence varies globally, with Japan reporting 90% of cases due to traditional cuisine like sushi and sashimi.
- In Italy, Anisakis infection is rare, often linked to marinated anchovies or imported raw fish dishes.
Observation:
- Two cases of Anisakis simplex infection from marinated anchovies consumed in a coastal Italian region are presented.
- Symptoms of acute anisakiasis include severe abdominal pain, often leading to diagnosis via surgical specimens.
- The study highlights the importance of considering anisakiasis in emergency departments.
Findings:
- Anisakis simplex infections are a growing concern, particularly in regions with high raw fish consumption.
- Prompt diagnosis and endoscopic intervention within 12 hours of ingestion are critical for effective treatment of acute anisakiasis.
- The study underscores the need for increased awareness of this parasitic zoonosis.
Implications:
- Enhanced diagnostic protocols for Anisakis infection in emergency settings are recommended.
- Public health initiatives may be needed to educate consumers about the risks associated with raw or undercooked fish.
- Further research into Anisakis simplex epidemiology and treatment strategies is warranted.
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