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Related Concept Videos

Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

A partial-current-steering biphasic stimulation driver for vestibular prostheses.

T G Constandinou, J Georgiou, C Toumazou

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |July 16, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a new partial-current-steering circuit for implantable vestibular prostheses. This innovative design conserves power while enabling precise stimulation for improved device function.

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    Published on: April 12, 2016

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    Last Updated: May 9, 2026

    Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
    10:12

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    Published on: May 23, 2013

    A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation
    11:06

    A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation

    Published on: April 12, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Neuroprosthetics
    • Electrical Engineering

    Background:

    • Implantable vestibular prostheses aim to restore balance function.
    • Current steering techniques offer benefits but can be power-intensive.
    • Efficient circuit design is crucial for implantable medical devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe a novel partial-current-steering stimulation circuit.
    • To enhance power efficiency in implantable vestibular prostheses.
    • To develop a digitally programmable circuit for advanced prostheses.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed a partial-current-steering stimulation circuit.
    • Implemented a drive hardware with a dummy load for charge balancing.
    • Utilized AMS 0.35 µm 2P4M CMOS technology for hardware implementation.

    Main Results:

    • The circuit conserves power by using a dummy load before steering.
    • Achieved benefits of current steering while improving energy efficiency.
    • The circuit is digitally programmable for integration into vestibular prostheses.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel partial-current-steering circuit offers a power-efficient solution for implantable vestibular prostheses.
    • This design facilitates precise and programmable stimulation.
    • The implemented hardware demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed circuit.