Müllerian duct anomalies and a case study of unicornuate uterus

Early in pregnancy, the female embryo's reproductive system begins developing from the müllerian ducts. When development fails to progress normally, various anomalies of the uterus, vagina, and urinary system can result. In some cases, these anomalies cause infertility and other reproductive problems. This literature review discusses the 6 classes of müllerian duct anomalies, the complications associated with each, and the imaging examinations used to diagnose them and further evaluate uterine anatomy. In addition, a case study of a class II anomaly, known as unicornuate uterus, is presented. As reproductive medicine advances and more women seek diagnosis of and treatment for fertility problems, radiologic technologists need to be aware of duct anomalies and their appearance with various imaging modalities, including ultrasonography, hysterosalpingography, and magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, technologists must be sensitive to the emotional needs of patients with müllerian duct anomalies.