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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Topological magnetoelectric effect decay.

D A Pesin1, A H MacDonald

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|July 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Realistic disorder and doping affect magnetic monopoles near topological insulator surfaces. Non-zero conductivity causes monopoles to retreat, with Hall currents vanishing under screening.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Surface Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Topological insulators (TIs) possess unique surface states with potential for novel electronic phenomena.
  • Understanding the behavior of emergent magnetic monopoles in realistic TI systems is crucial for their technological application.
  • Disorder and finite doping are key factors that can significantly alter the properties of topological insulator surface states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of realistic disorder and finite doping on magnetic monopoles near topological insulator surfaces.
  • To analyze the dynamics of magnetic monopoles induced by external electric charges in the presence of non-ideal TI properties.
  • To determine the conditions under which Hall currents in TI surface states vanish.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of topological insulator surface states using a massive Dirac model.
  • Analysis of current response to a suddenly introduced external electric charge.
  • Calculation of magnetic monopole dynamics and Hall current behavior.

Main Results:

  • Non-zero longitudinal conductivity (σ(xx) ≠ 0) causes the apparent position of the magnetic monopole to retreat from the TI surface.
  • The retreat speed of the magnetic monopole is found to be v(M) = αcg, where α is the fine structure constant and c is the speed of light.
  • At zero temperature (T=0), Hall currents in TI surface states vanish when the external potential is screened.

Conclusions:

  • Realistic disorder and finite doping significantly modify the behavior of induced magnetic monopoles near topological insulator surfaces.
  • The observed magnetic monopole retreat and vanishing Hall currents provide insights into the fundamental physics of topological insulator surface states.
  • These findings have implications for the design and control of spintronic devices and topological quantum computing architectures.