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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Killer Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (KaAPC) for Efficient In Vitro Depletion of Human Antigen-specific T Cells
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Killer Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (KaAPC) for Efficient In Vitro Depletion of Human Antigen-specific T Cells

Published on: August 11, 2014

Targeting of human antigen-presenting cell subsets.

Cleo Goyvaerts1, Jozef Dingemans, Kurt De Groeve

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.

Journal of Virology
|July 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed nanobodies (Nbs) to precisely target lentivectors to specific antigen-presenting cells. This method effectively directs gene therapy vectors to human myeloid dendritic cells in lymph nodes.

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Chemical Conjugation of a Purified DEC-205-Directed Antibody with Full-Length Protein for Targeting Mouse Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

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Killer Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (KaAPC) for Efficient In Vitro Depletion of Human Antigen-specific T Cells
08:12

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Published on: August 11, 2014

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL
07:18

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL

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Chemical Conjugation of a Purified DEC-205-Directed Antibody with Full-Length Protein for Targeting Mouse Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
10:35

Chemical Conjugation of a Purified DEC-205-Directed Antibody with Full-Length Protein for Targeting Mouse Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 5, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are crucial for initiating immune responses.
  • APCs are diverse, with specialized subsets influencing T cell differentiation.
  • Targeting specific APC subsets can modulate T cell immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate nanobodies (Nbs) for specific targeting of APC subsets.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of Nbs in redirecting lentivectors to human APCs.
  • To demonstrate Nbs as a tool for precise gene delivery to APCs.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of nanobodies (Nbs) against human APC surface markers.
  • Conjugation of Nbs to lentiviral vectors.
  • In vitro and ex vivo assessment of lentivector tropism for human APCs, particularly lymph node-resident myeloid dendritic cells.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated Nbs that specifically bind to human APC subsets.
  • Demonstrated efficient redirection of lentivectors to target APCs using Nbs.
  • Confirmed specific targeting of lymph node-resident myeloid dendritic cells.

Conclusions:

  • Nanobodies are effective tools for targeted delivery to specific antigen-presenting cell subsets.
  • This approach enables precise gene vector delivery to myeloid dendritic cells.
  • Nanobody-mediated targeting offers a promising strategy for modulating T cell responses through APC manipulation.