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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Anticancer Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation by the MTT Assay
11:14

Anticancer Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation by the MTT Assay

Published on: November 10, 2013

Next-generation metal anticancer complexes: multitargeting via redox modulation.

Isolda Romero-Canelón1, Peter J Sadler

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.

Inorganic Chemistry
|July 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New metal anticancer drugs may overcome platinum resistance by targeting cellular redox balance. Combining metal complexes with redox modulators like l-buthionine sulfoximine enhances potency and reduces drug dosage.

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Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
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Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?

Published on: June 13, 2014

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Anticancer Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation by the MTT Assay
11:14

Anticancer Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation by the MTT Assay

Published on: November 10, 2013

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
14:20

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?

Published on: June 13, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Platinum-based drugs are mainstays in cancer therapy but face resistance.
  • Novel metal chemotherapeutics offer potential to overcome resistance and broaden cancer treatment.
  • Distinct DNA lesions and targeting cellular redox balance are key strategies for new metal anticancer agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of targeting cellular redox balance for cancer treatment using metal complexes.
  • To investigate the mechanisms by which metal complexes interfere with cellular redox chemistry.
  • To highlight the efficacy of combination therapy with metal complexes and redox modulators.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on metal-based anticancer agents and their mechanisms of action.
  • Analysis of how metal complexes can directly or indirectly modulate cellular redox pathways.
  • Illustration of combination therapy using specific organometallic ruthenium, osmium, and iridium complexes with l-buthionine sulfoximine.

Main Results:

  • Many active metal anticancer agents possess a redox-modulating mechanism.
  • Combination therapy with specific metal complexes and l-buthionine sulfoximine demonstrated nanomolar potency against cancer cells.
  • Targeting redox balance offers a multi-site approach with selectivity for cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • Metal complexes targeting cellular redox balance represent a promising strategy for novel anticancer therapies.
  • Combination therapy can enhance anticancer potency and reduce metal complex dosage.
  • Further research requires advanced analytical methods to understand metal complex speciation and distribution in cells.