The biological performance of calcium hydroxide-loaded microcapsules

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Dental Materials

Background:

• Calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) is crucial in endodontics and bone regeneration.
• Controlled release systems are needed to optimize Ca(OH)2 delivery and efficacy.
• Microencapsulation offers a promising approach for developing advanced Ca(OH)2 formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize and evaluate two distinct formulas of Ca(OH)2 microcapsules.
• To assess the cytotoxicity, antibacterial properties, and impact on bone-related gene expression.
• To compare the performance of Ca(OH)2 microcapsules against pure Ca(OH)2 powder.

Main Methods:

• Two Ca(OH)2 microcapsule formulas (A: pure EC shell, B: PLA/EC shell) were prepared.
• Cytotoxicity was assessed using MG63 cells and Cell Counting Kit-8.
• Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and gene expression (Collagen I, Osteocalcin) were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Ca(OH)2 microcapsules exhibited no cytotoxicity, unlike the pure Ca(OH)2 control.
• Both microcapsule formulas demonstrated prolonged antibacterial effects, with Formula A showing superior duration.
• Up-regulation and prolonged expression of Collagen I and Osteocalcin were observed with Ca(OH)2 microcapsules.

Conclusions:

• Ca(OH)2 microcapsules present a safer alternative to pure Ca(OH)2 due to reduced cytotoxicity.
• The microencapsulated form provides sustained antibacterial activity.
• Ca(OH)2 microcapsules effectively promote bone regeneration by up-regulating key bone-related markers.