Pediatric depression: an evidence-based update on treatment interventions

Depression is a common condition among children and adolescents, with lasting detrimental effects on health, and social and occupational functioning. Despite being well-positioned to treat depression, primary care providers (PCPs) cite significant barriers. This review aims to summarize recent evidence to provide practical guidance to PCPs on the management of pediatric depression in their practices. Following identification and assessment, PCPs should provide general initial management. Children and adolescents with mild depression can be managed with active support and symptom monitoring, while those with moderate-to-severe depression can be treated with psychotherapy and/or antidepressants, which may involve referral to mental health specialty care. Less is known about the treatment of depression in children under the age of 12 years, who may be candidates for earlier referral to mental health specialty care. PCPs have the potential to improve the recognition and management of depression in young people, having lasting individual and societal benefits.