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Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
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Published on: November 15, 2013

Massive Nambu-Goldstone bosons.

Haruki Watanabe1, Tomáš Brauner, Hitoshi Murayama

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. hwatanabe@berkeley.edu

Physical Review Letters
|July 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found general Nambu-Goldstone-like excitations in various systems, including quantum chromodynamics. These excitations

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • High-energy physics
  • Quantum field theory

Background:

  • Nambu-Goldstone excitations are massless particles associated with spontaneous symmetry breaking.
  • Relativistic systems at finite density present unique challenges for understanding emergent phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the general existence of Nambu-Goldstone-like excitations beyond initial relativistic system findings.
  • To investigate the properties and dynamics of these excitations in diverse physical systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of (anti)ferromagnets in a magnetic field.
  • Study of superfluid phases in quantum chromodynamics.
  • Derivation of a counting rule for massive Nambu-Goldstone bosons.
  • Construction of a low-energy effective Lagrangian.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed the general presence of Nambu-Goldstone-like excitations in systems beyond relativistic contexts.
  • Identified specific examples in condensed matter (antiferromagnets) and high-energy physics (QCD).
  • Established a precise counting rule for these massive bosons.
  • Developed an effective Lagrangian to describe their low-energy behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The phenomenon of Nambu-Goldstone-like excitations is broadly applicable across various physical systems.
  • These excitations are massive, with their energy gap linked to the chemical potential and symmetry algebra.
  • The developed effective theory provides a framework for studying their dynamics.