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Direct Behavior Rating: an evaluation of time-series interpretations as consequential validity.

Theodore J Christ1, Peter M Nelson1, Ethan R Van Norman1

  • 1Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota.

School Psychology Quarterly : the Official Journal of the Division of School Psychology, American Psychological Association
|July 31, 2013
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Summary

Novice raters accurately interpret student behavior trends using Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) graphs. Visual analysis of DBR data shows high decision accuracy, supporting its use in classroom behavior assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Behavioral Assessment

Background:

  • Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) offers a repeatable and efficient method for assessing student behavior in classrooms.
  • Time-series data from DBR can be graphically plotted for visual analysis of behavior patterns and intervention effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the decision-making accuracy of novice raters analyzing single-phase graphical plots of Direct Behavior Rating data.
  • To assess accuracy across different behavior types (academically engaged, disruptive, respectful) and graphical trends (positive, no trend, negative).

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-seven graduate and five undergraduate participants with minimal visual analysis experience rated unique graphical plots of DBR data.
  • Graphs depicted one of three true trends (positive, no trend, negative) for three distinct behaviors.
  • Generalized linear mixed models were employed for significance testing of categorical data.

Main Results:

  • Raters achieved an average accuracy of 76% for positive trends, 98% for no trends, and 67% for negative trends.
  • Accuracy was significantly influenced by trend direction, with the highest accuracy observed in the 'no trend' condition.
  • Despite variations, novice raters demonstrated accurate decision-making regarding plotted data trends.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides empirical evidence supporting the accuracy of Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) trend interpretation by novice visual analysts.
  • DBR graphical analysis is a reliable tool for teachers to assess and understand student behavior patterns and intervention outcomes.
  • Findings affirm the utility of DBR in educational settings for informed decision-making regarding student behavior management.