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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...

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Related Experiment Video

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Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
11:26

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Advances in nanopore sequencing technology.

Yongqiang Yang1, Ruoyu Liu, Haiqiang Xie

  • 1College of Animal Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
|August 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanopore sequencing, a single-molecule method, rapidly analyzes DNA by detecting current changes as nucleotides pass through a nanopore. This review details protein and solid-state nanopore technologies and their advancements for genome sequencing.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering
  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Significant advancements in nanopore sequencing aim to achieve the $1000 genome goal.
  • Nanopore sequencing is a single-molecule technique that detects DNA by measuring current blockages as nucleotides translocate through a nano-scale pore.
  • Both protein-based and solid-state nanopores are widely studied for DNA sequencing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a detailed review of protein nanopore and solid-state nanopore sequencing technologies.
  • To discuss various aspects including nanopore types, device assembly, materials, fabrication methods, and translocation processes.
  • To cover technical advances in combined nanopore sequencing approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on protein nanopore sequencing, including different pore types and device assembly challenges.
  • In-depth analysis of solid-state nanopore sequencing, focusing on materials, fabrication, translocation dynamics, and specific challenges.
  • Exploration of integrated nanopore sequencing techniques, such as combinations with enzymes, hybridization, synthesis, and polymer design.

Main Results:

  • Detailed representation of protein nanopore sequencing, outlining types, assembly, and current challenges.
  • Comprehensive overview of solid-state nanopore sequencing research, covering materials, fabrication, translocation, and challenges.
  • Summary of advancements in hybrid nanopore sequencing methods.

Conclusions:

  • Nanopore sequencing technologies, both protein and solid-state, have shown significant progress towards affordable genome sequencing.
  • Continued research in materials, device engineering, and integrated approaches is crucial for overcoming existing challenges.
  • The review highlights the diverse and evolving landscape of nanopore sequencing for various biological applications.