Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multinational Consensus: Insulin Initiation with Insulin Degludec/Aspart (IDegAsp).

Advances in therapy·2018
Same author

The Berlin Declaration: A call to improve early actions related to type 2 diabetes. Why is primary care important?

Primary care diabetes·2018
Same author

Thoughts, Words, Action: The Alma-Ata Declaration to Diabetes Care Transformation.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2018
Same author

Basal Insulin Inadequacy versus Failure - Using Appropriate Terminology.

European endocrinology·2018
Same author

Lessons From LEADER - All-round Leadership.

European endocrinology·2018
Same author

Beta-cell Insufficiency.

European endocrinology·2018
Same journal

Predictors of Altmetric Score in Top-Cited Orthopaedic Articles: A Bibliometric Analysis.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association·2026
Same journal

Carbon footprint of waste generated in orthopaedic cases in Pakistan: a pilot descriptive study.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association·2026
Same journal

Enhancing quotation accuracy assessment with Chatpdf - a game-changer for a century-old conundrum.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association·2026
Same journal

Barriers to implementing simulation-based surgical training for improving quality and safety in developing countries: A short communication.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association·2026
Same journal

Intraoperative Adverse Event Reporting in Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Narrative Review on the Application of ClassIntra.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association·2026
Same journal

The Impact of Mortality and Morbidity Meetings on Quality Improvement and Patient Safety.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Advances in insulin therapy.

Sanjay Kalra1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital & BRIDE, Karnal, India. brideknl@gmail.com

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|August 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insulin, a century-old diabetes treatment, remains a focus of innovation. Recent research and clinical data reveal new aspects of its use and pharmacology.

More Related Videos

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion
08:22

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion
08:22

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Insulin therapy is a cornerstone of diabetes management, with a history spanning nearly 100 years.
  • Despite its long history, ongoing research continues to uncover novel applications and understandings of insulin.
  • Clinical experience provides valuable insights into the evolving role of insulin in patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the clinical pharmacology of insulin.
  • To highlight new discoveries and innovations in insulin therapy.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on the multifaceted use of insulin in diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data and real-world evidence.
  • Synthesis of expert clinical experience and pharmacological research.

Main Results:

  • Identification of emerging trends in insulin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
  • Documentation of new insulin formulations and delivery systems.
  • Characterization of updated strategies for optimizing glycemic control with insulin.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin remains a dynamic and vital therapeutic agent in diabetes pharmacotherapy.
  • Continuous innovation is expanding the utility and efficacy of insulin treatments.
  • A comprehensive understanding of recent advances is crucial for effective clinical application.