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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10

Published on: November 19, 2016

[About forest allergens].

Matti Hannuksela¹

¹ihotautien ja allergologian erikoisliekari Helsinki.

Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen Aikakauskirja

|August 2, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Forest allergens like birch and alder pollen are common causes of respiratory and skin allergies. Other forest substances, including mold spores and lichens, can also trigger allergic reactions, though diagnostic methods are limited.

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Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

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Published on: January 21, 2018

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Allergology
Immunology

Context:

Summer forests contain various allergens and irritants.
Common allergens include birch and alder pollen, particularly in Finland.
Less common but notable allergens include mold spores, mushrooms, and lichens.

Purpose:

To identify and describe common forest-related allergens.
To highlight the range of allergic reactions caused by forest exposures.
To note limitations in the study of spore-related allergies.

Summary:

Tree pollens (birch, alder) are frequent causes of respiratory and skin allergy.
Mold and mushroom spores can induce allergic responses, with current diagnostic tools being insufficient.
Lichen allergens are associated with IgE-mediated reactions, contact allergy, and photoallergic reactions.
Trehalose intolerance may be a factor in mushroom-related abdominal discomfort.

Impact:

Informs the public and healthcare professionals about potential summer forest allergens.
Underscores the need for improved diagnostic methods for spore allergies.
Contributes to understanding diverse allergic triggers in natural environments.