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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery in Diet-Induced Obese Diabetic Mice
08:50

Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery in Diet-Induced Obese Diabetic Mice

Published on: October 18, 2024

Diabesity.

Sanjay Kalra1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India. brideknl@gmail.com

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|August 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabesity, the combination of diabetes and obesity, is a growing epidemic. This review covers its causes, implications, and management, emphasizing cost-effective lifestyle interventions.

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Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery in Diet-Induced Obese Diabetic Mice
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Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery in Diet-Induced Obese Diabetic Mice

Published on: October 18, 2024

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
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Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diabesity, characterized by the co-occurrence of diabetes and obesity, presents a significant global health challenge.
  • Key pathophysiological links include insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, complicating diagnosis and treatment.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for effective management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the significant associations and implications of diabesity.
  • To highlight current non-pharmacological and pharmacological management approaches.
  • To advocate for accessible, indigenous lifestyle interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiological mechanisms linking diabetes and obesity.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for diabesity.
  • Evaluation of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments.

Main Results:

  • Diabesity is driven by interconnected mechanisms like insulin resistance.
  • Management requires a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle and medication.
  • Low-cost, indigenous methods for dietary and physical activity enhancement are effective.

Conclusions:

  • Diabesity necessitates integrated management strategies.
  • Emphasis on sustainable, affordable lifestyle changes is vital.
  • Public health initiatives should promote healthy habits to combat the diabesity epidemic.