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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics
09:43

Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics

Published on: March 1, 2022

Osteoblasts in bone physiology-mini review.

Nahum Rosenberg1, Orit Rosenberg, Michael Soudry

  • 1Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Division of Orthopedics, Rambam Health Care Campus, and The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal
|August 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts maintain bone by balancing resorption and synthesis. Controlling osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis is key to regulating bone mass and structure.

Keywords:
BoneWntcytokineshedgehogmechanotransductionosteoblast

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A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Cellular and molecular biology
  • Skeletal physiology

Background:

  • Bone remodeling is a continuous process involving osteoclasts and osteoblasts within the basic multicellular unit (BMU).
  • Osteoblasts, derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are crucial for synthesizing and mineralizing new bone matrix.
  • Bone mass is maintained when osteoblast activity equals or exceeds osteoclast-mediated resorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing osteoblast population dynamics.
  • To identify key cellular pathways controlling osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis.
  • To understand how osteoblasts influence bone matrix synthesis, mineralization, and resorption.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cellular and molecular pathways regulating osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
  • Analysis of the roles of hedgehog and Wnt signaling in bone remodeling.
  • Examination of humoral and mechanical factors influencing osteoblast function.

Main Results:

  • Osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis are critical determinants of osteoblast population size.
  • Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways regulate osteoblast cell cycle and programmed cell death.
  • Osteoblasts directly control bone matrix synthesis and mineralization, and indirectly regulate resorption via paracrine effects on osteoclasts.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis offers a strategy for controlling bone mass.
  • The interplay between cellular signaling pathways and mechanical/humoral stimuli dictates bone tissue integrity.
  • Osteoblast activity is central to maintaining skeletal structure and shape throughout life.