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Related Concept Videos

Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion01:21

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Facilitated Transport01:19

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...

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Updated: May 9, 2026

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

Active transport in dense diffusive single-file systems.

P Illien1, O Bénichou, C Mejía-Monasterio

  • 1Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7600, case courrier 121, Université Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75255 Paris Cedex, France.

Physical Review Letters
|August 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models active transport in crowded single-file systems, revealing anomalous scaling and Gaussian convergence for tracer particle (TP) position statistics. These findings enhance understanding of active particle behavior in confined environments.

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Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes

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Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
10:43

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes

Published on: July 19, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Single-file diffusion is a fundamental transport model.
  • Active transport involves directed motion, unlike passive diffusion.
  • Crowded environments present unique challenges for particle movement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generalize single-file diffusion to include active transport.
  • To analyze tracer particle (TP) behavior under bias in crowded systems.
  • To derive the full position distribution and cumulants of the TP.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a minimal model for active transport in single-file environments.
  • Derived explicit expressions for TP position distribution and cumulants.
  • Analyzed behavior in the high-density limit of bath particles.

Main Results:

  • Identified anomalous scaling (proportionality to √n) of all cumulants.
  • Observed Skellam-like parity in cumulants.
  • Demonstrated convergence to a Gaussian distribution despite asymmetric profiles.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive statistical description of TP position.
  • Results offer a basis for analyzing real active particle trajectories in crowded settings.
  • Highlights unique statistical properties of active transport in confined systems.