Monolithic nanoporous crystalline aerogels

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Monolithic aerogels are synthesized from physically cross-linked polymer gels.
• These aerogels possess both amorphous micropores and ordered nanopores within crystalline cross-links.
• Nanoporous-crystalline forms offer unique structural characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the preparation, structure, and properties of physically cross-linked polymeric aerogels.
• To emphasize aerogels with crystallites, particularly nanoporous-crystalline structures.
• To discuss the scientific, technological, and industrial outlook for these materials.

Main Methods:

• Drying of physical gels formed by linear uncross-linked polymers.
• Characterization of aerogel structure and properties.
• Review of existing literature on polymeric aerogels.

Main Results:

• Physically cross-linked polymeric aerogels are readily prepared.
• Aerogels with crystallite cross-links, especially nanoporous-crystalline types, exhibit dual porosity.
• These materials demonstrate excellent guest transport properties.

Conclusions:

• Nanoporous-crystalline polymeric aerogels offer a promising platform for advanced applications.
• Their properties include low cost, robustness, durability, and recyclability.
• Potential applications span chemical separations, purification, storage, and biomedicine.