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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

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Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
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Solubility

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A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

A New Straightforward Method for Lipophilicity (logP) Measurement using 19F NMR Spectroscopy
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A New Straightforward Method for Lipophilicity (logP) Measurement using 19F NMR Spectroscopy

Published on: January 30, 2019

Lipid solubility and molecular weight: whose idea was that.

G B Kasting1

  • 1James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0004, USA. Gerald.Kasting@uc.edu

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology
|August 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Gene Cooper pioneered finite dose skin absorption models and penetration enhancers, influencing skin transport research. His leadership inspired numerous scientists in the skin science field.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Gene Cooper's early career focused on skin science, leading to innovative product development.
  • He developed finite dose skin absorption models and chemical penetration enhancer technologies.
  • His work established quantitative structure-penetration relationships for chemicals interacting with human skin.

Discussion:

  • Cooper's theoretical contributions, including the impact of molecular weight and lipid solubility, were foundational.
  • These concepts directly influenced the development of the first successful skin permeability model by Potts and Guy.
  • His research advanced the understanding of chemical transport across the skin barrier.

Key Insights:

  • Pioneered finite dose skin absorption models.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

A New Straightforward Method for Lipophilicity (logP) Measurement using 19F NMR Spectroscopy
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  • Developed novel chemical penetration enhancer technologies.
  • Established quantitative structure-penetration relationships for skin transport.

    • Outlook:

    • Cooper's foundational work continues to impact skin absorption and delivery research.
    • His legacy includes fostering scientific talent and leadership in skin science.
    • Future research builds upon his models for drug delivery and safety assessments.