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Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

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Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:

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Updated: May 9, 2026

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO): An Intervention Sequence
10:52

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO): An Intervention Sequence

Published on: December 23, 2022

Patent foramen ovale.

Philip B Dattilo1, Michael S Kim, John D Carroll

  • 1Interventional Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, 80045, USA.

Cardiology Clinics
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure benefits remain unclear, with no definitive intention-to-treat evidence. However, specific patient groups, like those with atrial septal aneurysms, may benefit from PFO closure.

Keywords:
CLOSURE ICryptogenic strokeMISTMigrainePC TrialPatent foramen ovaleRESPECTTranscatheter closure

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Devices
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common congenital heart defect.
  • PFO allows abnormal blood flow between venous and arterial systems.
  • Off-label PFO closure procedures complicate clinical trial data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and current data on patent foramen ovale closure.
  • To discuss the challenges in studying PFO closure efficacy.
  • To identify patient subgroups that may benefit from PFO closure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical trial data on PFO closure.
  • Analysis of secondary and subpopulation data from PFO closure studies.
  • Discussion of historical context and technological advancements in PFO closure.

Main Results:

  • No intention-to-treat analysis has demonstrated a clear benefit for PFO closure.
  • Secondary analyses suggest potential benefits in specific patient populations.
  • Patients with atrial septal aneurysms and significant right-to-left shunting may benefit.

Conclusions:

  • The overall benefit of patent foramen ovale closure requires further investigation.
  • Subgroup analyses indicate potential efficacy in select patient groups.
  • Understanding PFO closure technologies and data is crucial for clinical decision-making.