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Related Concept Videos

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization01:12

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Error is the deviation of the obtained result from the true, expected value or the estimated central value. Errors are expressed in absolute or relative terms.
Absolute error in a measurement is the numerical difference from the true or central value. Relative error is the ratio between absolute error and the true or central value, expressed as a percentage.
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Systematic or...
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Hypothesis testing is a fundamental statistical tool that begins with the assumption that the null hypothesis H0 is true. During this process, two types of errors can occur: Type I and Type II. A Type I error refers to the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis, while a Type II error involves the failure to reject a false null hypothesis.
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Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

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Actor-Observer Effect

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Errors In Hypothesis Tests

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

Performance breakdown effects dissociate from error detection effects in typing.

Çığır Kalfaoğlu1, Tom Stafford

  • 1a Department of Psychology , University of Sheffield , Western Bank, Sheffield , UK.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skilled typing errors are preceded by increased speed variability, not slower actions. Post-error key presses are slower, indicating distinct error detection and breakdown effects in cognitive control.

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Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
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Published on: August 29, 2018

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

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Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
05:58

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking

Published on: August 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Skilled performance errors are typically slower than correct actions, linked to cognitive control.
  • Limited research suggests pre-error actions in skilled tasks may also be slower, contrasting with unskilled tasks.
  • Understanding error-related behavioral changes is crucial for cognitive control theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate behavioral changes preceding and following errors in continuous typing.
  • Differentiate between error detection effects and pre-error breakdown signatures.
  • Test predictions regarding speed and variability in skilled typing performance.

Main Methods:

  • Participants typed 100 sentences without visual feedback.
  • Analyzed key-press speed and variability before, during, and after errors.
  • Compared pre-error, error, and post-error key presses with matched correct key presses.

Main Results:

  • Pre-error key-press speed did not differ from correct key presses.
  • Error and post-error key presses were significantly slower than matched correct key presses.
  • Errors were preceded by greater speed variability compared to correct key presses.

Conclusions:

  • Errors in skilled typing are preceded by a distinct behavioral signature of increased variability, suggesting a breakdown in fluid cognition.
  • Error detection leads to observable slowing (error and post-error), dissociable from pre-error breakdown effects.
  • Findings challenge previous assumptions about pre-error slowing in skilled continuous performance.