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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis
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Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis

Published on: May 1, 2015

Emerging therapies in multiple myeloma.

Joelle El-Amm1, Imad A Tabbara

  • 1*Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology †Division of Hematology/Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant Program, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.

American Journal of Clinical Oncology
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Novel therapies are emerging for relapsed multiple myeloma, offering new hope as patients often develop resistance to initial treatments. This review covers new proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies.

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma treatment has advanced with high-dose chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide, lenalidomide), and proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib).
  • Median overall survival has improved, with a 10-year survival rate of approximately 40% for patients under 50.
  • Despite treatment efficacy, most multiple myeloma patients eventually experience relapse and drug resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical data on emergent therapies for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.
  • To provide an overview of novel agents showing promise in treating resistant disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data on novel multiple myeloma therapies.
  • Focus on emergent agents including new proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, signal transduction modulators, and histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Emergent therapies include next-generation proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib, ixazomib, oprozomib, marizomib).
  • Other novel agents include pomalidomide, elotuzumab, daratumumab, perifosine, vorinostat, and panobinostat.
  • These therapies are being investigated for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma patients.

Conclusions:

  • Novel therapies offer new treatment avenues for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.
  • Continued research into these emergent agents is crucial for improving patient outcomes.