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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...

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Ulcerative colitis.

Stephen M Adams1, Paul H Bornemann

  • 1University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA. stephen.adams@erlanger.org

American Family Physician
|August 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic colon inflammation with unknown causes, often presenting with abdominal pain and diarrhea. Diagnosis involves clinical suspicion confirmed by biopsy, with treatments ranging from 5-aminosalicylic acid to surgery for severe cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affecting the colon.
  • The exact etiology of UC remains unknown, but risk factors include infections, Western lifestyle, and family history.
  • UC incidence peaks in early adulthood but can affect individuals from childhood to late adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of ulcerative colitis, including its etiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight the importance of differentiating UC from infectious colitis.
  • To emphasize the long-term surveillance for colon cancer in UC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for ulcerative colitis.
  • Review of current therapeutic strategies, including 5-aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, infliximab, and surgical options.
  • Discussion of epidemiological factors and risk stratification for colon cancer.

Main Results:

  • Ulcerative colitis diagnosis is primarily clinical, confirmed by endoscopic biopsy, excluding infectious causes.
  • Treatment response varies, with a stepwise approach from 5-ASA to biologics and surgery for refractory cases.
  • Patients with UC face an elevated risk of colon cancer, necessitating regular colonoscopic surveillance.

Conclusions:

  • Ulcerative colitis is a complex IBD requiring a multi-faceted approach to diagnosis and management.
  • Early and appropriate treatment, alongside vigilant monitoring for complications like colon cancer, is crucial for patient outcomes.
  • Further research into the etiology of UC is needed to develop more targeted therapies.