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Bedside Ultrasound for Guiding Fluid Removal in Patients with Pulmonary Edema: The Reverse-FALLS Protocol
07:59

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Published on: July 28, 2018

Edema: diagnosis and management.

Kathryn P Trayes1, James S Studdiford, Sarah Pickle

  • 1Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Kathryn.trayes@jefferson.edu

American Family Physician
|August 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Edema, or fluid accumulation, requires prompt diagnosis and management, especially when generalized. Understanding its causes, like venous insufficiency or lymphedema, is key for effective treatment and preventing complications such as skin breakdown.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Edema results from capillary filtration overwhelming lymphatic drainage.
  • It manifests with clinical signs and symptoms, necessitating timely diagnosis and management.
  • Generalized edema often signals systemic disease, while chronic leg edema suggests venous insufficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and management principles for edema.
  • To differentiate between various causes of edema, including venous insufficiency, deep venous thrombosis, obstructive sleep apnea, and lymphedema.
  • To emphasize the importance of skin care and preventative measures.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment for generalized vs. localized edema.
  • Diagnostic imaging such as duplex ultrasonography and magnetic resonance venography for deep venous thrombosis.
  • Evaluation for secondary causes of lymphedema.

Main Results:

  • Chronic edema in lower extremities can indicate venous insufficiency, often with hemosiderin deposition.
  • Deep venous thrombosis requires specific management to prevent postthrombotic syndrome.
  • Lymphedema presents as brawny, nonpitting edema and may have secondary causes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of edema depends on accurate diagnosis of its underlying cause.
  • Preventative strategies, including compression therapy and diligent skin care, are crucial.
  • Conditions like obstructive sleep apnea can present with edema even without pulmonary hypertension.