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PAMPs and DAMPs in allergy exacerbation models
Monique A M Willart1, Philippe Poulliot, Bart N Lambrecht
1Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 15, 2013
Summary
Exposure to allergens and adjuvants triggers danger signals (DAMPs) like uric acid, ATP, and IL-1 in the immune system. These signals drive immune responses, which can be studied using specific protocols and bone marrow chimeric mice.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Allergy Research
- Innate Immunity
Background:
- Allergen sensitization involves the immune system recognizing foreign substances.
- Adjuvants and real-world allergens can induce danger signals, known as DAMPs (danger-associated molecular patterns).
- Key DAMPs include uric acid, ATP, and IL-1, which play a role in immune activation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe protocols for assessing immune responses to allergens and DAMPs.
- To investigate the role of DAMPs in immune cell influx and activation.
- To utilize bone marrow chimeric mice for mechanistic studies.
Main Methods:
- Induction of DAMPs using Th2-adjuvant (aluminum hydroxide) or house dust mite exposure.
- Analysis of cellular influx via flow cytometry.
- Assessment of cellular activation by measuring chemokine and cytokine release using ELISA and confocal microscopy.
- Utilizing bone marrow chimeric mice for mechanistic insights.
Main Results:
- Allergen exposure and adjuvants induce DAMPs (uric acid, ATP, IL-1).
- DAMPs and PAMPs promote immune cell influx and activation.
- Established protocols allow for the analysis of these immune responses.
Conclusions:
- DAMPs are critical mediators in immune responses to allergens.
- The described methods facilitate the study of DAMP-induced inflammation.
- Bone marrow chimeric mice offer a powerful tool for dissecting underlying mechanisms.
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